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Researchers at the Universities of Gothenburg and Isfahan have made a significant breakthrough in bicycle helmet design by introducing innovative geometric shapes in shock-absorbing materials. This development enhances the helmet’s ability to mitigate head injuries through a unique mechanism that allows the material to contract bilaterally upon impact.
Bicycle helmets serve a critical role in safeguarding cyclists against head injuries, yet conventional designs often fall short in terms of effective impact absorption and a proper fit. The team from the University of Gothenburg and the University of Isfahan has engineered a helmet that employs auxetic metastructures in its shock-absorbing material. Unlike traditional foam liners, these specially designed geometric patterns respond differently under impact, improving overall safety.
According to Mohsen Mirkhalaf, Associate Professor specializing in materials mechanics and physics at the University of Gothenburg, “When an impact occurs, the liner material contracts, which enhances its ability to absorb impact energy. This reduction in energy transfer leads to a diminished risk of head injuries during cycling accidents.”
Geometry is key
The findings from this research, detailed in the International Journal of Solids and Structures, illustrate the integration of knowledge surrounding auxetic metastructures with advanced computer simulations and optimization techniques to create a helmet that offers improved safety features.
“We utilized a targeted design optimization strategy to establish the most effective geometric arrangement for minimizing crash forces. The configuration of the material structure is crucial,” Mirkhalaf explains.
To test the new design, the protective layer of the helmet was fabricated using a 3D printer. For this application, the researchers selected a hyperelastic polymer, a type of plastic capable of significant deformation while returning to its initial shape. Rigorous testing against various impact scenarios revealed that the helmet outperforms standard models in terms of head protection.
Can be customised
The new helmet not only offers enhanced protection but is also lighter, and the auxetic liner can be tailored to match individual head shapes using 3D printing. This customization is particularly advantageous for professional athletes and individuals who struggle to find helmets that fit comfortably.
This research marks a progressive step toward the advancement of intelligent protective gear, with potential applications extending beyond cycling to other fields requiring impact protection. “With ongoing refinement, this technology has the potential to spawn a new generation of bicycle helmets that will be safer, more comfortable, and highly customizable. While 3D printing is currently more expensive than traditional mass-produced foam liners, the costs are anticipated to decrease as the technology gains wider traction. In the future, we may even see helmets being printed on demand, ensuring that every cyclist receives optimal protection tailored to their specific needs.”
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