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During the COVID-19 pandemic, Benitez noted that the isolation dorms at the UCSD campus shared similarities with the conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The rigorous sterilization protocols in place aimed to eliminate microbial presence entirely before new occupants arrived.
Benitez suggests that the extensive use of disinfectants on the ISS may not be the most effective strategy for fostering a healthy microbial environment, indicating a need for more research in this area.
Innovative Approaches to Microbial Management
He proposes that rather than attempting to eradicate all microbes, introducing beneficial strains that promote human health could be a more viable solution. Certain areas of the ISS undoubtedly require sterilization; however, maintaining some advantageous microbes might be feasible by designing future spacecraft with microbial dynamics in mind.
Zhao contributed to this perspective, stating that studies revealed microbes tend to remain contained within modules that experience minimal human activity. In contrast, areas with higher human engagement see microbial spread to neighboring sections. She suggested a strategic layout for spacecraft, positioning high-traffic modules on one end and those meant to remain sterile at the opposite end, helping to prevent cross-contamination. “While we approach this from a microbiological and chemical standpoint, spacecraft engineers may have other critical considerations for module placement,” Zhao acknowledged, describing these as initial concepts.
Looking ahead to potential crewed missions to Mars and beyond, questions arise about the planned microbial composition of such journeys. Should engineers develop a closed ecosystem populated with carefully selected microbes that could sustain itself for extended periods without terrestrial intervention?
Benitez advocates for a broader ecosystem strategy, envisioning future spacecraft that could accommodate gardens interlinked with microbes, plants, pollinators, and even animals to establish balanced, self-sustaining habitats. “Our planning needs to encompass not only the astronauts and their essential equipment but also all other lifeforms we aim to support during these missions,” he emphasized.
For further insights, refer to the study published in Cell, 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.039.
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arstechnica.com