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The integration of diverse fluidic technologies is essential across various sectors, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions in the precise handling of chemical and biological liquids. A significant obstacle in this domain is the design of a versatile platform that allows for the controlled capture and release of fluids in a reliable manner. Researchers at The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong (PolyU) have recently introduced a groundbreaking approach aimed at addressing this longstanding issue.
Under the leadership of Prof. WANG Liqiu, who holds the Otto Poon Charitable Foundation Professorship in Smart and Sustainable Energy and chairs the Thermal-Fluid and Energy Engineering discipline within the PolyU Department of Mechanical Engineering, the research team has pioneered a novel fluidic processor known as “Connected Polyhedral Frames” (CPFs). This technology transforms the conventional methods of liquid handling into a reversible and programmable process, allowing seamless liquid capture and release independent of the types of frames or liquids used. Their findings were recently published in Nature Chemical Engineering, with Dr. ZHANG Yiyuan serving as the lead author.
In contrast to the advancements made in solid manipulation, fluid handling remains a challenging endeavor. Despite the prevalence of fluids in industries such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and chemical processing, the traditional methods of managing these substances are often inefficient. Fluids frequently adhere to surfaces during transfer, leading to inaccurate volume measurements and cross-contamination among samples. To maintain fluid integrity, single-use plastics like pipettes and microtubes are frequently employed, exacerbating the environmental impact of plastic waste.
The ingenious design of CPFs facilitates reversible switching between liquid capture and release, allowing for precise local control over fluid retention and drainage. The structure of CPFs comprises polyhedral frames that either capture trapped liquids or release them based on their configuration. For instance, frames positioned over single-rod connections act as liquid capturers, while those over double-rod connections utilize the formation of liquid films for efficient release, thus creating pathways for liquid flow.
This innovative liquid manipulation technology offers a versatile platform with a myriad of applications, including three-dimensional programmable liquid patterning, spatial and temporal control of material concentrations, and high-throughput manipulation of various liquid arrays. CPFs can accommodate a wide spectrum of fluids, from aqueous solutions and biofluids to organic solvents and oils, making them adaptable for different chemical and biomaterial applications.
As a testament to its practical applications, Prof. Wang’s research team showcased the operational advantages of CPFs in a project involving controlled release of vitamins B2 and B12. The vitamins were housed within a sodium alginate hydrogel and gellan gum, with release rates finely tuned by adjusting the gel membrane’s thickness.
Conventional sampling tools, such as cotton and flocking swabs, often leave behind significant residue, complicating sample analysis. The CPF design effectively addresses this issue, providing enhanced liquid release capabilities. For instance, during trials with influenza virus samples, CPFs exhibited superior detection capabilities compared to traditional swabbing materials, particularly when virus concentrations were low.
Moreover, the research team explored utilizing CPFs for encapsulating biomaterials. The encapsulation of Acetobacterium demonstrated numerous benefits over established techniques, including improved separation of microbial products and enhanced reaction efficiency. This method opens the door for encapsulating various biological entities, which could lead to more productive processes in the field of biotechnology.
Beyond medical and biological uses, Prof. Wang’s team has also highlighted the potential of CPFs in enhancing air conditioning technology. They constructed a prototype of a commercial humidifier utilizing CPFs, which showed improved water retention and reduced flow requirements, indicating higher energy efficiency. Additionally, the 3D dispersion capabilities facilitated by CPFs promote effective gas absorption, notably in the context of carbon capture and reuse initiatives.
The independence of each frame in the CPF from material composition, structural design, and the nature of the liquids handled positions this technology as a versatile meta-metamaterial. This innovation promises to redefine standards for fluid management, leading to enhanced controllability and functionality across various applications. The implications of such a versatile fluidic processor extend beyond mere technical advancement, inspiring new fields of research and potential breakthroughs in science and industry.
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