Photo credit: www.nasa.gov

The Altitude Wind Tunnel: A Historical Perspective

In February 1944, a significant milestone in aeronautical engineering was inaugurated as the Altitude Wind Tunnel (AWT) became operational at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory. Documented in a historical publicity photograph, this innovative facility was designed to test full-scale aircraft engines under simulated altitude conditions, marking a breakthrough in aviation research and development.

The AWT distinguished itself as the only wind tunnel of its kind, capable of generating wind speeds that reached an impressive 500 miles per hour. This was accomplished through a large wooden drive fan situated opposite a set of engineered turning vanes within the tunnel. These vanes played a crucial role in ensuring optimal airflow by straightening and directing the wind around the corners of the rectangular tunnel structure. Notably, the southeast corner of the 31-foot-diameter tunnel contained a sophisticated arrangement of elliptical panels, featuring 36 to 42 vertical vanes upheld by three horizontal supports. Each vane measured approximately 2.5 feet in length and had a distinctive half-moon shape. The meticulous assembly of these vanes took weeks to complete prior to their installation in the summer of 1943.

The journey of the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory has seen several transformations in names and functions throughout its history under NACA and subsequently NASA. Today, this pivotal institution is known as NASA’s Glenn Research Center, located in Cleveland, Ohio, continuing its legacy of pioneering research in aerospace technology.

Image credit: NASA

Source
www.nasa.gov