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Understanding UEFA League Coefficients
In the realm of European football, each nation’s league is assigned a coefficient ranking based on the performance of its clubs in UEFA’s major men’s competitions: the Champions League, Europa League, and Conference League.
Clubs earn coefficient points based on match outcomes, with two points awarded for a victory and one point for a draw.
The total points accumulated by teams within a given domestic league are summed and then averaged by the number of clubs from that league participating in European tournaments.
For instance, if the Premier League accumulates 100 coefficient points, this total would be divided by the number of its clubs competing in Europe (let’s say seven), resulting in an England coefficient of 14.28.
This season, clubs participating in the Champions League have the opportunity to earn bonus points. This system particularly benefits leagues with a higher number of teams in the competition, such as those in Germany and Italy.
Leagues that secure a position in the top two of the coefficient rankings gain an additional Champions League spot for the subsequent season.
These extra spots are allocated to teams that place just outside the standard allocation for Champions League participation within their leagues.
For the 2024-25 Champions League, additional berths have been awarded to clubs such as Bologna and Borussia Dortmund, who finished fifth in Serie A and the Bundesliga, respectively.
Source
www.bbc.com