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“The estimated infectious dose of V. cholerae O1 ranges from 105 to 108 [100,000 to 100 million] colony-forming units (CFU). This finding indicates significant contamination of the holy water, suggesting that the bacteria were able to survive at room temperature throughout the flight and into Europe,” stated the researchers from Germany and the UK in their report.
Cholera’s Global Reach
Testing has revealed that the cholera strain brought back by travelers is particularly concerning. The V. cholerae O1 strain is not only associated with recent outbreaks in Eastern and Middle Africa but also exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, and sulphonamides. Additionally, this strain possesses a genetic component known as a plasmid, which enhances its resistance against streptomycin, spectinomycin, cephalosporins, macrolides, and sulphonamides.
The primary treatment for cholera, characterized by severe watery diarrhea and vomiting, focuses on oral rehydration solutions. Antibiotics may be administered in some cases to lessen the severity of symptoms. Fortunately, the strain has shown susceptibility to tetracycline, one of the preferred drugs in treating cholera. Nonetheless, there are emerging reports indicating that other cholera strains across Africa are developing resistance to tetracycline.
The researchers note, “The spread of cholera from Africa resulting in a series of infections in Europe is an uncommon occurrence.” They urge travelers to remain vigilant regarding the risks of infectious diseases when consuming food and beverages abroad and to avoid drinking holy water. Additionally, health professionals should maintain a heightened awareness of the risk of cholera in travelers returning from Ethiopia.
Addressing cholera outbreaks effectively requires committed and ongoing investment in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) measures. The global incidence of cholera has escalated in the aftermath of the pandemic, as highlighted in a recent report from the World Health Organization.
The authors of the Eurosurveillance report emphasize that “Low-income countries will continue to require support through overseas development aid to manage outbreaks and epidemics effectively utilizing WASH initiatives, surveillance, communication, diagnostics, and prompt delivery of countermeasures.” This situation underscores the necessity of robust public health strategies and international collaboration to combat the cholera threat globally.
Source
arstechnica.com