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Physicists are nearing the completion of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a groundbreaking facility set to enhance our understanding of neutrinos—subatomic particles known for their lack of electric charge and extraordinarily low mass. The observatory is slated to begin data collection in the summer of 2025, with a primary focus on identifying the heaviest of the three known neutrino types. Located 700 meters below the surface in China, JUNO represents a pivotal advancement in the exploration of these elusive particles and their corresponding antiparticles, antineutrinos.
Key Features of the JUNO Detector
A recent report from Science News highlights that the central element of the observatory is a 35-meter-wide acrylic sphere designed to contain an impressive 20,000 metric tons of liquid scintillator. This specialized liquid is formulated to emit light when interactions from an antineutrino occur, enabling scientists to trace these interactions effectively. Additionally, the setup is outfitted with tens of thousands of photomultiplier tubes to detect the emitted light signals. To reduce interference from extraneous particles, the detector is encased in a water-filled cylindrical pit, which commenced filling on December 18, 2024.
Focus on Antineutrinos
JUNO will observe antineutrinos emitted from two nuclear power plants situated 50 kilometers away, providing valuable data on their characteristics and interactions. This experimental approach is expected not only to refine our understanding of neutrino masses but also to contribute insights into fundamental questions in physics, such as the nature of matter-antimatter asymmetry.
Significance of JUNO
The JUNO observatory is projected to be the largest of its kind in the world, with experts anticipating significant discoveries that could reshape our understanding of subatomic physics. Through its detailed investigations into antineutrinos, JUNO aims to deepen knowledge of the essential components of the universe.
The collaborative nature of this international project highlights its critical role in advancing the field of neutrino research. The insights gained from this facility are expected to have profound implications in the realm of particle physics, marking a significant leap forward in the effort to decipher the fundamental properties of neutrinos.
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