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A newly recognized type of cartilage, which differs from the three traditionally acknowledged varieties, has been characterized by researchers. This novel tissue, known as “lipocartilage,” is notable for its distinct composition. Unlike standard cartilage that typically consists of robust fiber matrices, lipocartilage is made up of balloon-shaped cells filled with oils. These cells are uniform and tightly packed, creating a resilient yet flexible structure. It is primarily located in areas like the ear and nose, wherein it demonstrates a combination of elasticity and resistance to deformation.
Study Highlights the Characteristics of Lipocartilage
Research findings recently published in the journal Science document the first observations of lipocartilage in the ear tissue of mice. This tissue, resembling fatty structures yet distinguished by a unique fibrous matrix, has been shown to retain its size regardless of caloric intake. Unlike typical adipose tissue, lipocartilage does not possess the enzymes responsible for fat breakdown or transporters for dietary fats, allowing it to maintain structural integrity. Maksim Plikus, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, likened the tissue to “Bubble Wrap” in a correspondence with Live Science, highlighting its function in improving the acoustic properties of the outer ear by ensuring consistent sound wave transmission.
Historical Observations Rediscovered
This type of tissue was first noted in the 1850s by Franz von Leydig, who described it as a cartilage similar to adipose tissue. References to lipocartilage resurfaced in the 1960s and 1970s but were soon forgotten until this recent research brought it back into focus. The findings reveal lipocartilage’s unique genetic and molecular traits, backing its potential classification as a fourth type of cartilage. However, some scholars, including Shouan Zhu from Ohio University, have raised concerns that it may actually represent a subtype of elastic cartilage.
Wider Implications and Future Research
Lipocartilage has been identified not only in human fetal tissues but also across several mammalian species, while it was not found in non-mammals. Researchers are now poised to investigate its evolutionary background, regenerative potential, and methods of managing substantial fat content without adverse effects. Viviana Hermosilla Aguayo and Dr. Licia Selleri from the University of California, San Francisco, mentioned that these findings could prompt revisions to existing anatomy and histology textbooks to incorporate this newly recognized tissue.
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