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The Benefits and Risks of Alcohol Consumption on Cholesterol Levels
According to established guidelines, the ideal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level for adults should be below 100 mg/dL, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels should ideally be 60 mg/dL or higher. Elevated LDL levels are associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes, while higher HDL levels are generally protective against such conditions. Although some of the changes observed in a recent study may seem minor, the researchers suggest that even a modest increase of 5 mg/dL in LDL can escalate the risk of cardiovascular events by approximately 2 to 3 percent.
The research team employed three distinct models to account for various factors influencing cholesterol levels. These included fundamental demographics like age and sex, as well as body mass index (BMI), medical issues such as diabetes and hypertension, and lifestyle choices, which encompass diet, physical activity, and smoking habits. Consistently, all models revealed similar associations. Furthermore, the study categorized participants based on the type of alcoholic beverages consumed—wine, beer, sake, and other spirits—yielding consistent results across these different categories.
This investigation is not the first to report positive correlations between moderate drinking and cholesterol levels, but it stands out due to its larger participant pool and extended follow-up duration. A significant body of evidence has long suggested that moderate alcohol consumption can confer certain cardiovascular benefits. A recent review by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine noted that moderate drinkers exhibit lower risks of heart attacks and strokes, as well as reduced overall mortality rates. However, the same analysis also reported an increased risk of breast cancer. Another comprehensive review highlighted heightened risks associated with various cancers, such as colorectal, breast, liver, and those affecting the oral cavity and esophagus.
Overall, the new findings about cholesterol should not be interpreted as a reason for non-drinkers to start consuming alcohol or for heavy drinkers to maintain excessive intake, the researchers caution. There are numerous risks that must be weighed. For individuals who do not wish to quit drinking, the recommendation is to limit consumption. Meanwhile, those who decide to stop drinking should monitor their cholesterol levels closely.
As the researchers put it: “Public health recommendations should continue to emphasize moderation in alcohol consumption, but cholesterol levels should be carefully monitored after alcohol cessation to mitigate potential [cardiovascular disease] risks,” they concluded.
Source
arstechnica.com