Photo credit: www.sciencedaily.com
A collaborative effort between researchers from Nanyang Technological University (NTU Singapore), Osaka University, and Hiroshima University has led to the creation of a cutting-edge navigation algorithm for cyborg insects, enhancing their ability to traverse difficult terrains without getting stuck.
Published in Nature Communications, this advancement represents a pivotal development in swarm robotics, potentially benefiting areas like disaster recovery, search-and-rescue operations, and infrastructure evaluations.
Cyborg insects, which are live insects fitted with miniature electronic gear, are equipped with various sensors—such as optical and infrared cameras—along with a battery and communication antenna. These devices enable the remote control of their movements for designated tasks.
The initial control of a single cyborg insect was showcased in 2008 by Professor Hirotaka Sato from NTU Singapore’s School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.
However, relying solely on a single insect is inadequate for extensive operations like search-and-rescue missions, where survivors can be dispersed over a wide area, often necessitating a quick response within a critical 72-hour window.
In 2021 and 2024, Professor Sato and collaborators from Singapore’s Home Team Science & Technology Agency (HTX) and Klass Engineering and Solutions illustrated how these cyborg insects could be effectively utilized in future rescue efforts.
This recent research introduces a leader-follower dynamic in the insect swarm, where one designated cyborg insect directs a group of 19 others.
Co-corresponding authors of the study, Professor Masaki Ogura from Hiroshima University and Professor Wakamiya Naoki from Osaka University, were responsible for the development of the swarm control algorithm and associated software. Meanwhile, Professor Sato and his team focused on assembling the swarm, applying the algorithm to the insects’ electronic devices, and executing practical experiments in Singapore.
The research team observed multiple advantages with their new algorithm during laboratory trials. The improved freedom of movement for the cyborg insects significantly lowered the occurrence of them becoming trapped, while neighboring insects could assist those that flipped over or got stuck.
Understanding the Cyborg Insect Swarm
Previous research had either facilitated the control of individual cyborgs or involved groups manipulated by complex algorithms that issued detailed commands for each insect. However, this method fell short in ensuring cohesive movement across larger groups.
In the newly developed system, the algorithm selects a leader insect, notifies it of the target location, and synchronizes its control system with those of its companions, effectively guiding the swarm.
This “tour leader” model allows for dynamic adaptation, enabling the insects to help each other overcome obstacles and adjust their navigation if one member encounters issues.
The insects selected for this research are Madagascar hissing cockroaches outfitted with lightweight circuit boards, sensors, and rechargeable batteries, creating an autonomous navigation setup. This system aids in navigating surroundings while prompting the insects towards specific goals.
These cyborgs are notably more energy-efficient than traditional robotics, which typically depend on high-energy motors. The natural movement of the insect’s legs facilitates the transport of the backpack, where tiny electrical impulses direct them in the desired direction.
By integrating the swarm control algorithm, the inherent instincts of these insects enhance their ability to navigate complex landscapes and swiftly adapt to changing environments.
Experimental results indicated that the new approach decreased the need for manual nudging by approximately 50% compared to prior methodologies, allowing for greater autonomous navigation and minimizing occurrences of the insects becoming immobilized.
According to Professor Sato, this technology shows promise for deployment in various scenarios, including search-and-rescue missions, infrastructure assessments, and environmental monitoring, particularly in narrow and unpredictable settings where conventional robots may struggle.
“Effective surveying of vast areas prone to obstacles is critical for search and inspection tasks. This concept involves the use of multiple swarms of cyborg insects to navigate and explore these challenging environments. When sensors detect targets, whether they be individuals in need of rescue or structural damage in infrastructure, the cyborgs can transmit alerts wirelessly,” Professor Sato elaborates.
Professor Sato is recognized internationally for his innovative contributions to cyborg insect technology, having previously received accolades such as inclusion in TIME magazine’s list of the 50 Best Inventions of 2009 and recognition as one of the 10 Emerging Technologies of that year by MIT Technology Review.
Professor Masaki Ogura emphasized the significance of their swarm control algorithm, stating it represents a breakthrough in the coordination of cyborg insect groups for complex missions. He noted its potential to improve disaster response efficiency and open new pathways for research in swarm control, highlighting the importance of establishing effective real-world control methods instead of relying solely on theoretical frameworks.
Professor Wakamiya Naoki pointed out the natural behaviors of insects, explaining, “Insects do not always respond to commands as anticipated. Our strategy of adopting a more flexible approach uncovered a fascinating avenue where complex, cooperative behaviors emerged organically, challenging the design of precise algorithms. Observing these seemingly random actions revealed a wealth of knowledge we can glean from the sophisticated behaviors exhibited by living organisms.”
The recent advancements reflect the tangible potential of biohybrid systems in tackling real-world challenges and underscore the value of interdisciplinary cooperation in global research initiatives.
Looking forward, the research team aims to enhance their algorithms to facilitate coordinated actions beyond mere movement, including the collaborative transport of substantial objects.
They also intend to conduct further experiments in outdoor settings, such as rubble piles typical of disaster zones, to test the algorithm’s efficacy in more intricate, real-world applications.
[1] Hirotaka Sato et al., “A cyborg beetle: Insect flight control through an implantable, tetherless microsystem,” 2008 IEEE 21st International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA, 2008, pp. 164-167, doi: 10.1109/MEMSYS.2008.4443618.
[2] Chong, C. (2021, December 6). S’pore team turning cockroaches into life-saving cyborg bugs at disaster sites. The Straits Times.
[3] Sun, D. (2024, April 5). Singapore’s cyborg cockroaches on display at homeland security event at MBS. The Straits Times.
[4] Masaki Ogura, Professor in the Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University.
Source
www.sciencedaily.com