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Gorillas in Congo Demonstrate Truffle Foraging Behavior

Pigs are often recognized as the primary truffle hunters, but recent research indicates that certain birds, trained dogs, and even primates are also skilled at locating these delectable fungi, a delicacy in gourmet cuisine. Notably, a group of gorillas in Congo’s Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park have shown a remarkable inclination towards foraging for specific types of truffles, challenging previous assumptions that their soil-scratching behavior was solely for insect hunting. This revelation is detailed in a study published in the journal Primates.

Located in the Republic of Congo, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park is home to approximately 180 western lowland gorillas, along with elephants and chimpanzees. This expansive lowland rainforest reserve spans over 1,500 square miles and has been conserved since its establishment in 1993, managed collaboratively by the Congolese government and the Wildlife Conservation Society.

Initially, researchers assumed the gorillas were engaging in soil scratching to locate insects. However, leveraging indigenous knowledge and advanced soil analysis methods, scientists dedicated nearly a decade to observing four different gorilla groups. Their efforts culminated in the identification of a specific type of truffle, known as the Elaphomyces labyrinthinus.

Researchers propose that the truffle foraging behavior may bear significant implications for gorilla social dynamics. While not all gorilla groups partake in this behavior, individuals have been observed switching groups and subsequently re-engaging in truffle foraging, suggesting a fluid and complex social structure among the species.

[ Related: Dogs sniff out two new species of truffle. ]

Other primate species have also assisted in the discovery of new truffle varieties. For instance, in 2020, bonobos were identified as the discoverers of Hysterangium bonobo, a fungus that plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption for trees and supports various animal diets, as highlighted in their findings.

Leading this groundbreaking research is Gaston Abea, a member of the semi-nomadic Bangombe community. Since 2000, Abea has employed traditional knowledge and tracking skills to study gorilla behavior in the park.

“The traditional knowledge of my people regarding these forests is at risk due to modern lifestyles, yet it remains essential in our ongoing efforts to study and protect these ecosystems,” Abea remarked in a statement. “Where our ancestors once hunted gorillas, we now strive to protect them, and I hope to motivate other Ba’Akas to pursue similar paths.”

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