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The European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) pilot project has achieved a remarkable feat by uniting researchers from various European nations to produce high-quality reference genomes for 98 species. This achievement is a critical step towards creating a comprehensive reference genome database for the continent’s diverse array of wildlife, flora, and fungi. Initiated in 2021 under the leadership of Dr. Camila Mazzoni from the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, the project reflects a collective effort from the scientific community. The outcomes of this collaborative endeavor have now been published in the journal npj Biodiversity.
The ERGA’s newly released findings underscore the success of its pilot project, which connected a wide range of scientists and institutions across 33 countries in Europe. The main objective was to develop high-quality reference genomes for European species, thereby providing a foundation for future biodiversity genomics initiatives. The experiences gained through this project have illuminated both valuable lessons and some challenges, positioning ERGA as a pioneering model for decentralized and inclusive biodiversity research on a global scale.
Noteworthy milestones from the project include the production of the first chromosome-level genome assemblies for various species hailing from Greece, celebrated as one of Europe’s biodiversity hotspots. Among these are the Cretan wall lizard (Podarcis cretensis) and Aristotle’s catfish (Silurus aristotelis), both of which were sampled by local scientists. The genomic data generated from these species is now openly accessible to researchers worldwide, showcasing the power of international collaboration in biodiversity research. ERGA’s commitment to equity and inclusivity ensures that resources are available to all researchers, regardless of their geographic location. This initiative notably provided many scientists their first opportunity to engage in crafting advanced genomic resources for their region’s natural heritage.
The ERGA pilot project has also played a pivotal role in emphasizing the significance of biodiversity genomics within Europe and beyond. The genomic datasets generated possess the potential to advance conservation strategies for endangered species and facilitate breakthroughs in areas like human health and bioeconomy. One example includes the sequencing of the greater argentine (Argentina silus), a species critical to the northern Atlantic fishing industry. The resultant reference genome will enable more informed evaluations of the species’ genetic health, aiding in the promotion of sustainable fishing practices.
Another focal point of the project is the production of a high-quality reference genome for the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). This genome will enhance the understanding of genetic disorders, particularly the ‘pinching-off syndrome’ that affects the flight and control feathers of juvenile eagles. Dr. Oliver Krone, an expert in raptors at the Leibniz-IZW, notes that understanding the genetic basis for such malformations will open avenues for further research, including phylogenetic studies to differentiate subspecies and identify isolated populations.
The establishment of a Europe-wide collaborative network under the ERGA initiative not only enhances scientific collaboration but also translates research into practical benefits for biodiversity and society. This network empowers scientists, regardless of their professional stage, by facilitating the discovery of training opportunities, collaborations, and funding sources. The inception of the ERGA pilot project in early 2021 was a concerted effort by Dr. Mazzoni and the Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), who reached out to genome researchers to design a collaborative, inclusive framework.
ERGA functions as the European segment of the broader Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which works towards the ambitious goal of sequencing all eukaryotic life forms on the planet. The ERGA initiative has demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of a decentralized approach to genome production, achieving significant milestones even in the absence of centralized funding. This model largely relied on the grassroots contributions from individual researchers and partner institutions, supplemented by supportive sequencing partners and commercial grants.
The pilot project has also illuminated the hurdles associated with conducting international genomic work, including logistical challenges related to biological sample transport, disparities in resources across nations, and the balance needed between decentralization and the standardization required for high-quality genome assembly.
Ultimately, ERGA’s decentralized strategy holds immense promise for the future landscape of biodiversity genomics. The successes and lessons learned from the pilot project serve as a benchmark for future endeavors, aimed at promoting equitable and robust genomic workflows and developing an extensive database of species in Europe and beyond.
More information
https://www.erga-biodiversity.eu/
Source
www.sciencedaily.com