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Research Uncovers Complexities of Fasting and Regeneration in Mice

A recent study has shed light on the intricate processes of regeneration and the cellular mechanisms influenced by fasting. Researchers discovered that a significant aspect of regeneration is linked to the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway triggers an increase in protein production, which is vital for the proliferation of stem cells. Furthermore, the study revealed that mTOR activation results in the generation of substantial amounts of polyamines—small molecules that play a key role in cellular growth and division.

However, the research also identified potential risks associated with the timing of cellular changes. When a gene known to cause cancer was activated during the refeeding phase following fasting, there was a marked increase in the likelihood of developing precancerous polyps compared to when this gene was activated during fasting. Mutations linked to cancer that occurred during the refeeding period were significantly more likely to lead to polyp development than those that appeared in mice that did not experience the fasting-refeeding cycle. Omer Yilmaz, associate professor of biology and the study’s senior author, emphasized the dual nature of stem cell activity: “Having more stem-cell activity is good for regeneration, but too much of a good thing over time can have less favorable consequences.”

Yilmaz further explained the challenges of translating these findings from mice to humans, noting the complexities involved. He cautioned that individuals who experience refeeding after fasting and come into contact with potential mutagens, such as charred foods, may inadvertently heighten their risk of precancerous lesions. This connection underscores the nuanced relationship between diet, cellular activity, and cancer risk.

Despite these concerns, Yilmaz highlighted the promising applications of fasting for individuals undergoing radiation therapy, which can cause significant damage to the intestinal lining. The regenerative capabilities associated with fasting may offer benefits for those with various types of intestinal injuries. Currently, Yilmaz’s laboratory is investigating whether polyamine supplements could enhance regenerative processes as an alternative to fasting, potentially providing a safer method to stimulate healing.

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