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Researchers at Aston University are emphasizing the need for enhanced guidance to young individuals regarding the prevention of dry eye disease. A recent study conducted in collaboration with Oslo University Hospital and Sørlandet Hospital Trust in Norway revealed that 90% of participants exhibited at least one sign of this condition.
Dry eye disease arises when the eyes either do not produce enough tears or produce tears of inadequate quality, lacking necessary lipids or mucus. This can lead to an unstable tear film and rapid evaporation. Individuals suffering from this condition may experience symptoms such as a gritty sensation, itching or stinging, redness, light sensitivity, and blurry vision. Various risk factors are associated with dry eye disease, including stress and contact lens usage, with a notable prevalence among females. In young people aged 18-25, extensive screen time is identified as a significant risk factor.
The study, led by Dr. Rachel Casemore from Aston University School of Optometry, tracked 50 individuals aged 18-25 over a period of time, making it the first of its kind in this demographic. Researchers assessed participants for dry eye disease symptoms, examined lifestyle factors, and conducted follow-ups after one year to observe any advancements in the condition.
Initial findings indicated that 56% of participants had dry eye disease, while a staggering 90% reported experiencing at least one associated symptom. Approximately half of the participants showed a reduction of at least 25% in the meibomian glands, which are vital for producing the outer lipid layer of the tear film. This layer is crucial for minimizing tear evaporation and maintaining eye moisture. A follow-up after one year revealed significant progression of dry eye disease among participants.
Moreover, the study uncovered a correlation between the duration of screen usage and signs of dryness on the ocular surface, with participants averaging eight hours of screen time daily.
The researchers underscore that the manifestations and advancement of dry eye disease in young adults necessitate early detection and the identification of individuals at risk of developing the condition. Early intervention can guide these individuals in managing the disease before it worsens.
Various strategies can help mitigate the progression of dry eye disease. Dr. Casemore suggests that simple measures, such as taking regular breaks from screens, performing blink exercises to stimulate the release of oils from the meibomian glands, and maintaining hydration are effective. A nutritious diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, found in oily fish, along with consistent sleep patterns, also plays a vital role in eye health.
For those experiencing irregular sleep patterns—often a result of sleep disorders or anxiety—Dr. Casemore advises seeking professional guidance. Individuals who wear contact lenses should prioritize regular check-ups to ensure proper fitting and adhere to replacement schedules, optimal wear times, cleaning routines, and safety precautions, including avoiding sleep, showering, or swimming while wearing lenses.
Dr. Casemore stated:
“It’s concerning to see the rising occurrence of dry eye disease signs and symptoms among young adults, which some researchers have labeled a ‘lifestyle epidemic.’ Eye care professionals are in a unique position to recognize clinical indicators of dry eye disease and educate young adults on modifiable risk factors, including screen time, sleep habits, contact lens usage, dietary choices, blinking techniques, and stress management.
“Our future research is set to further investigate potential biomarkers related to tear production and meibomian gland oil, as well as examining the impact of diet on the development of dry eye disease.”
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