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Xanadu’s Aurora: A New Approach to Quantum Computing

Xanadu is pioneering a modular quantum computing design with its Aurora system, which comprises four identical units. Each unit is housed in a server rack that is slightly taller and wider than an average human. According to Christian Weedbrook, CEO and founder of Xanadu, to develop a functional quantum computer, one would need to replicate and interconnect numerous units to scale up the capabilities of the system.

The company’s vision for the future of quantum computing sees it evolving into a specialized data center filled with these interconnected servers. This innovative perspective diverges from the prevailing industry trend that typically envisions quantum computing as a singular specialized chip integrated within a supercomputer, akin to a GPU.

In a significant step toward realizing this vision, Xanadu recently published its findings in Nature. The Aurora system utilizes 35 chips to create a total of 12 quantum bits, or qubits. Current expectations for practical quantum computing applications suggest a demand for thousands, potentially even millions, of qubits. For context, Google’s Willow quantum computer features 105 qubits on a single chip, while IBM’s Condor boasts 1,121 qubits.

Devesh Tiwari, a quantum computing researcher from Northeastern University, offers a metaphorical comparison to a hotel construction. He notes that while Xanadu has successfully built a single room, it remains uncertain whether they can scale up to build multiple floors. Nevertheless, he considers the company’s advancements to be “very promising.”

Although Xanadu’s 12 qubits appear modest when set against IBM’s more substantial count, Tiwari emphasizes that this disparity does not imply that photonic quantum computing is lagging in development. He asserts that the number of qubits is more indicative of the level of investment than the inherent potential of the technology.

The photonic quantum computer design brings several significant advantages. Tiwari points out that qubits based on photons are typically less susceptible to environmental noise, which can enhance their ability to retain information longer. Additionally, because photonic systems utilize light to store information, connecting them through standard fiber optics becomes a simpler process. This characteristic is essential for realizing the concept of a “quantum internet,” facilitating communication between different quantum devices.

Weedbrook also highlights that the design of Aurora enables operation at room temperature, eliminating the extensive cryogenic systems required for superconducting quantum computers. However, it is worth noting that photon-counting detectors still necessitate cryogenic cooling in a separate area.

Xanadu is not alone in its quest for photonic quantum computing; other companies like PsiQuantum in the United States and Quandela in France are similarly exploring this technology. Diverse approaches within the field include systems being developed with materials such as neutral atoms and ions, further enriching the landscape of quantum computing innovation.

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