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The lymphatic system is essential for regulating fluid levels in the body and enhancing immune responses. Comprising lymphatic vessels lined with a single layer of endothelial cells, this system facilitates the movement of fluids, immune cells, and larger molecules from nearby tissues into the vessels. These vessels are designed to be highly permeable to effectively absorb and transport fluids while maintaining flexibility to cope with rapid changes in tissue fluid volumes, such as those caused by swelling.
Shape-shifting cells
Recent research featured in the journal Nature and led by Professor Taija Mäkinen of the Wihuri Research Institute delves into the mechanisms that allow the delicate layer of endothelial cells in lymphatic vessels to remain intact under fluctuating fluid pressure conditions. The investigation revealed that the remarkable ability of these cells to alter their shapes continuously is crucial in maintaining their structural integrity.
Mäkinen notes, “It has long been recognized that the endothelial cells within lymphatic vessels possess a shape reminiscent of oak leaves or jigsaw puzzle pieces. However, the underlying reason for this unusual morphology has puzzled researchers, who have struggled to replicate it in laboratory-cultured cells.”
A strikingly similar jigsaw puzzle-like configuration is observable in an entirely different cell type found on plant leaves. This pattern is significant for plants, as it aids their cells in resisting internal fluid pressure, which is essential for growth and mechanical support.
The resemblance in functionality between jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells in plants and mammals suggests a fundamental biological concept: regardless of organism type, this specific cell architecture enhances structural resilience. This principle has also found its way into human engineering practices; for instance, road pavement often employs interlocking or undulating patterns to increase durability and resistance to wear.
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